Lecture Lessons! A bonus for my students

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Lecture Lessons
Information and communication technologies in education deal with the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) within educational technology.
ICT as a Tool
The purpose of ICT in education is generally to familiarize students with the use and workings of computers, and related social and ethical issues.
Learning Tool
Entertainment Tool
Information Tool
Communication Tool
Productivity Tool

ICT in education can be broadly categorized in the following ways

• ICT as a subject (i.e., computer studies)
• ICT as a tool to support traditional subjects (i.e., computer-based learning, presentation, research)
• ICT as an administrative tool (i.e., education management information systems/EMIS)

source: ( wikepedia.org)



 NETWORK
 are multiple computers linked together to make simultaneous information sharing and exchange of multiple users.
 make it possible for its connected user to share tools resources and information.
 NETWORK SOFTWARE
 Consists of computer programs that interface with network users and permit the sharing of information such as files, graphics, video and resources such as printers and disks.
 NETWORK TERMS
 NETWORK SERVER
- a powerful computer whose sole purpose is to serve network clients
- control software and provide workstations with requested resources
 WORKSTATION
-any network computer that connects to and request resources from a network
 NETWORK TERMS
 HOSTS
- any computer that acts as an information source on a network.
 PEERS
- any computer sharing the same protocol layer with another computer.
- any computer which share resources security levels and user groups.
 NETWORK TERMS
 PROTOCOL
- refers to the specific standards governing the sending and receiving of data

 Network differ in the:
 number of connected computers
 distance between their users
 construction
 maintenance cost
 Network Architecture:
 The Client/ Server Relationship
 Peer – to – Peer Relationship:
 +Peers
 Terminal/Host Relationship:
 +Host
 3 BASIC NETWORK
CATEGORIES
LAN
MAN
WAN
 Local Area Network (LAN)
 collection of interconnected computers that can share data, applications, and resources, such as printers
 separated by distances of up to a few kilometers and are typically used in offices or across university campuses
 enables the fast and effective transfer of information within a group of users and reduces operational costs
 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
 large computer networks usually spanning a town or a city, they typically use optical fiber connections to link their sites
 for instance a university or college may have a MAN that joins together many of their local area networks (LANs) situated around site,then from their MAN they could have several wide area network (WAN) links to other universities or the Internet
 Wide Area Network (WAN)
 a computer network that is meant to cover a wide geographic area, usually over telephone lines, as compared to a local area network that operates in a single company or institution
 separated by longer distances, typically across the country or internationally, and they use specialized and expensive hardware and leased communications services
 NETWORK MEDIA
 UTP
 STP
 Coaxial cable
 Fiber optics
 NETWORK MEDIA
 any material that transport data in any way or form
 NETWORK MEDIA
 NETWORK HARDWARE
 NIC (Network Interface Card)
- A printed circuit board, an adapter that plugs into the computer’s motherboard
- Provides physical link between the computer and the network
- Its main function is to convert computer data into cable-transmittable data and provide a connection to network media
 NETWORK HARDWARE
 Network Hub
- It is where all PCs on a network are connected to by cabling
- Manages receiving and transmitting data from networked devices
- Allows data to flow on and off the network between printers, computers and other devices by sharing the lanes of traffic
 NETWORK HARDWARE
 Wireless Hubs
- designed for the home environment where running cabling is too expensive
- it works by converting network signals to radio frequencies and back to network signals at the receiving computer



 INTERNET
 It is a collection of computers throughout the world which are connected mostly using telephone lines for the purpose of sharing information.
 Functions of the Internet
 WWW (World Wide Web)

-one of the protocol that lets you link to many web sites on the WEB
Web page – the basic unit of WWW
- there are links to related
pages and other web sites
 E-MAIL (Electronic Mail)
- allows computer users locally and worldly to exchange messages
 TELNET
- a program that allows you to log into computers on the Internet and use online database, library catalogs, and chat services
 File Sharing (File Transfer Protocol)
- it is both a program and the method used to transfer files between computers
 E-MAIL
- it offers opportunity to people worldwide to communicate via e-mail
- individuals carry out active discussion organized around topic
 Instant Messaging- any computer program that send instant messages to another computer.
 Streaming Media- radio, news and any means of media accessible via internet
 Collaboration- sharing ideas knowledge and skills online
 Remote Access- allows a user to connect to another computer wherever they are
 Functions of the Internet
 Components of the Internet
 CHAT and INSTANT MESSENGING
CHAT – allows user on the Internet to communicate with each other by typing in real time
INSTANT MESSENGING – user on the
Web can contact another user currently logged in and type a conversation
 Major Protocols Accessible on the Web
 E-mail
- Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP)
- distributes electronic messages and files to one or more electronic mailboxes
 Telnet
- Telnet Protocol
- facilitates login to a computer host to execute commands
 Major Protocols Accessible on the Web
 FTP
-File Transfer Protocol
- transfer text or binary files between an FTP server and client
 Usenet
- Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP)
- distributes Usenet news articles derived from topical discussions on newsgroup
 Major Protocols Accessible on the Web
 HTTP
- HyperText Transfer Protocol
- transmit hypertext over networks
- the protocol of the WWW
 Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
- allow users to place telephone call
over the Web
 What can we get from the Internet?
 E-mail
 Information
 Group discussion
 Entertainment
 On-Line Shopping
 Free Programs
 Retrieving documents on the Web: The URL
 URL
- stand for Uniform Resource Locator
- specifies the Internet address of a file stored on a host computer connected to the Internet
- every file has a unique URL
- translated into numeric address using the DNS
 Anatomy of a URL
 Structure of URL
Protocol: http
Host computer name: www
Second-level domain name: congress
Top-level domain name: gov
Directory name: leadership
Filename: index.htm
 Domain Name
 denotes the name of a specific Internet area controlled by a company, school or organization
 Top-Level Domain Names
 com – commercial enterprise
 edu – educational institution
 gov – government entity
 mil – military entity
 net – network access provider
 org – usually non-profit organizations